Indian Rupee (INR) Exchange Rates on 22nd February 2012 (22/02/2012)
Exchange rate full table
| Updated: 2012-02-22 | |||||||||
| Convert from | Convert to | 1 INR | Conversion | in currency | Conversion | ||||
 INR |
 GBP |
0.013 | INR to GBP | 77.1884 | GBP to INR | ||||
| INR |
 BGN |
0.03 | INR to BGN | 33.3605 | BGN to INR | ||||
| INR |
 HRK |
0.1163 | INR to HRK | 8.6007 | HRK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 CZK |
0.386 | INR to CZK | 2.5908 | CZK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 DKK |
0.114 | INR to DKK | 8.7731 | DKK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 EEK |
0.2546 | INR to EEK | 3.9277 | EEK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 HUF |
4.431 | INR to HUF | 0.2257 | HUF to INR | ||||
| INR |
 KZT |
3.0047 | INR to KZT | 0.3328 | KZT to INR | ||||
| INR |
 LVL |
0.0107 | INR to LVL | 93.541 | LVL to INR | ||||
| INR |
 LTL |
0.0529 | INR to LTL | 18.8963 | LTL to INR | ||||
| INR |
 MKD |
0.9442 | INR to MKD | 1.0592 | MKD to INR | ||||
| INR |
 MDL |
0.2404 | INR to MDL | 4.1596 | MDL to INR | ||||
| INR |
 NOK |
0.1148 | INR to NOK | 8.7113 | NOK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 PLN |
0.0643 | INR to PLN | 15.5513 | PLN to INR | ||||
| INR |
 RON |
0.0668 | INR to RON | 14.9611 | RON to INR | ||||
| INR |
 RUB |
0.6028 | INR to RUB | 1.659 | RUB to INR | ||||
| INR |
 SKK |
0.4618 | INR to SKK | 2.1657 | SKK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 SEK |
0.1353 | INR to SEK | 7.3908 | SEK to INR | ||||
| INR |
 CHF |
0.0185 | INR to CHF | 54.0623 | CHF to INR | ||||
| INR |
 TRY |
0.0357 | INR to TRY | 27.9979 | TRY to INR | ||||
| INR |
 UAH |
0.1627 | INR to UAH | 6.1473 | UAH to INR | ||||
Indian Rupee (INR)
Sign ₹
1 Rupee is subdivided into 100 paise.
INR is the currency code for the Indian rupee which is represented with the accounting symbol ₹. The monetary policy and issuance of the rupee is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the rupee is the official currency of the Republic of India. The rupee is the 15th most traded currency by value and it is not widely held by other countries as a reserve currency. The RBI holds over $302.1 billion USD in reserves and was first established in 1934.
Coins used:
- frequently used: ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1, £2
- rarely used: ₹10, ₹20, ₹25, ₹50
Banknotes used:
- frequently used: ₹5, ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100, ₹500, ₹1000
- rarely used: ₹1, ₹2
Central Bank
Reserve Bank of India
http://www.rbi.org.in
While established as a privately owned central bank it was nationalized in 1949 and subjected to a governing organization of 20 Board of Directors, a Governor, four Deputy governors, a single representative from the India Ministry of Finance, ten additional directors placed by the Government each representing different economic issues and interests, four directors representing four local directorates within Kolkata, New Delhi, Chennai, and Mumbai and an additional plethora of local boards from different regions overseeing smaller localized banks and finance issues.
This large structure was first established in 1935 with the mandate of monetary stability, currency control and issuance, as well as maintaining reserves, operating currency and credit for the good of the Republic of India. The RBI also served as the central bank for Pakistan until 1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan was established. In the 1950's the Government directed the RBI to focus INR policy toward agricultural development and the government nationalized all commercial banks under a central planning system. In response to failing banks during this decade the RBI formed a deposit insurance system, and the RBI played a central role in further nationalization and advocating a dispersed development bank system. Over the following decades the RBI itself controlled the INR and underlying finance economy through a series of strict monetary policies, nationalizations, and central control directives aimed at economic growth.
By 1991 these plans came to a halt and the INR went through devaluation where it lost 18% of value against the USD. By 1993 new guidelines and finance structures were developed, including a private banking system, deregulation of the financial markets, property markets, and a decrease of central government economic control. At the same time the National Stock Exchange of India was established and began trading which allowed RBI banks and private banks increased access to capital markets, thus supporting valuations and the structure of the INR as a currency. In its current state the RBI has as its central mandate price stability as well as ensuring credit availability to business and sectors of the economy that are contributing productively to GDP.
The value of the INR has an interesting story as it was originally held to a silver standard while at the same time most world banks were one version or another of the gold standard. This became a problem when in the 19th century the price of silver dropped significantly compared to gold because large deposits of silver were being found in both the United States and Europe. This in effect devalued the INR significantly relatively to other world currencies pegged to gold, a single event where had it been the reverse and gold dropped below silver, would have significantly changed the landscape of the economy of India. But as it was, the drop in silver without the corresponding drop in gold devalued the INR significantly making it difficult for India to purchase goods in world markets. This silver standard was adhered to by the RBI in spite of many efforts by outside forces to convert the INR to a gold based currency. Over time all efforts at this conversion failed and the INR remained a silver standard currency until the late 20th century when the INR became a floating currency pegged to a basket of goods and currencies.
While the INR does have this exchange rate based on a basket of goods and currencies, its market value in practice is oftentimes tied directly to the USD/INR currency pair, giving the market a real time exchange rate independent of the RBI controlled rate. This currency pair is widely used and as a result has developed into a type of managed float for the INR relative to the USD. This occurs with other major currencies, but the RBI has proactively attempted at times to separate the INR from the USD, with each attempt failing due to the underlying mandate of the RBI as price stability and low volatility, not the way in which the INR interacts with other currencies.
For many years the differentiation in parsing the circulated INR was not consistent with the decimal system in use by most major currencies. This issue was compounded by the fact that in India the names for different numbers within the decimal system are not the same as in English and other languages nor do they take the same increasingly logical progression using standardized decimal terminology. This has led many currency and business traders dealing with the INR with convoluted contracts where presumptions as to definitions have led to countless disagreements. While the decimalization of the INR occurred in 1957, the language and writing differences remain difficult for the uninformed to understand. In India any number larger than one hundred thousand rupee are referred to as lakhs and crores where one lakh is equal to one hundred thousand and one crore is equal to ten million. This confusion is compounded with each comma in the numbering system not being a factor of three, but a factor of that numerical category. This particular decimalization should be studied by anyone trading the INR or doing international trade using the INR.
This problem of numeric consistency, decimalization, the RBI attempts at control of exchange rates, and the Government if India's insistence on not fully letting go of a centrally planned and controlled economy has inhibited the growth and acceptance of the INR worldwide. These policies and central government attempts at intervention are reducing with each successive year as the government accepts the efficiencies of the open market and further releases their growth inhibiting central planning and control mechanisms. Over time, this further adoption of the free market will likely propel the INR to increasingly important levels of importance in worldwide markets as the underlying productivity of the Indian economy is allowed to continue its solid path of growth under the freedom of increasingly free markets.
Other References
Wikipedia article on Indian Rupee
XE.com Live Currency Converter for INR
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